Rhetorical Analysis — AP English Language 练习题

参考答案

1. 1.
   最终答案： The device is antithesis (or parallel structure with contrast). King juxtaposes “injustice anywhere” with “justice everywhere” to emphasize the interconnectedness of communities. The effect is to create a moral imperative, urging the audience to see injustice as a universal threat.
2. 2.
   最终答案： The speaker uses antithesis (“division and decay” vs. “unity and renewal”), metaphor (“crossroads”), and urgency (“the time to choose is now”). The antithesis highlights stark choices, the metaphor simplifies a complex decision, and urgency creates a call to immediate action. Together, they appeal to both logic (logos) and emotion (pathos), motivating the audience to choose unity.
3. 3.
   最终答案： kairos

1. 4.
   最终答案： The figure is metonymy (or possibly synecdoche). “The pen” stands for writing or intellectual influence, and “the sword” stands for military force. The device functions by substituting a concrete object for an abstract concept, making the argument vivid and memorable.
2. 5.
   最终答案： The device is anaphora (repetition of “We must go forward” at the beginning of successive clauses). Repetition builds rhythm and emphasis, reinforcing the central theme of progress. It creates a sense of momentum and unity, making the audience feel part of a collective movement. For example, in Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech, anaphora (“I have a dream”) builds emotional intensity and solidarity.
3. 6.
   最终答案： logos

1. 7.
   最终答案： Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part represents the whole (e.g., “All hands on deck” where “hands” means sailors). Metonymy is a figure in which one thing is substituted for another closely associated thing (e.g., “The White House issued a statement” where “White House” means the President or administration). Original examples: Synecdoche: “Nice wheels!” (wheels for car). Metonymy: “The crown approved the law” (crown for monarch).
2. 8.
   最终答案： The device is chiasmus, where the grammatical structure of the first clause is inverted in the second (“ask not what your country can do for you” becomes “ask what you can do for your country”). The inversion creates a memorable, balanced phrase that emphasizes reciprocity and civic duty. It appeals to pathos by inspiring selflessness and logos by framing a logical exchange of responsibilities.
3. 9.
   最终答案： pathos

1. 10.
   最终答案： The appeal is logos, because the doctor uses clinical trial results and success rates—evidence based on data and reasoning—to persuade the audience logically.