Three Branches of Government — Government & Civics 練習ワークシート

Grades 6–9 ふつう 10問

The US Constitution divides federal power among three branches to prevent any one from becoming too powerful — separation of powers with checks and balances.

Legislative branch (Congress: House + Senate) makes laws. Executive branch (President) enforces laws. Judicial branch (Supreme Court and federal courts) interprets laws and determines constitutionality.

Each branch can limit the others: Congress can impeach; President can veto; Courts can strike down unconstitutional laws. This system requires compromise and debate.

練習するスキル

  • Identifying roles of each branch
  • Explaining checks and balances
  • Understanding lawmaking process
  • Connecting concepts to the Constitution
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練習ワークシート：Three Branches of Government

指示： 各問題を丁寧に解きましょう。途中式もはっきりと書きましょう。最終的な答えは、指定された場所または指示に従って別の用紙に書いてください。

  1. 1.**Short Answer:** What are the three branches of the U.S. federal government? List them in order as established by the Constitution.

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 2.**Multiple Choice:** Which branch of government has the power to declare war?
    1. A. Executive Branch
    2. B. Legislative Branch
    3. C. Judicial Branch
    4. D. All three branches equally

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 3.**Short Answer:** Name the two houses that make up the U.S. Congress. Which branch do they belong to?

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 4.**Multiple Choice:** The President serves as the head of which branch?
    1. A. Legislative Branch
    2. B. Judicial Branch
    3. C. Executive Branch
    4. D. Federal Branch

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 5.**Short Answer:** What is the main function of the Judicial Branch? Name the highest court in this branch.

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 6.**Essay / Long Response:** Explain the system of checks and balances. Give one specific example of how one branch can limit the power of another branch. Your answer should be at least three complete sentences.

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 7.**Multiple Choice:** Who has the power to veto a bill passed by Congress?
    1. A. The Chief Justice
    2. B. The Vice President
    3. C. The President
    4. D. The Speaker of the House

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 8.**Short Answer:** What is the primary role of the Legislative Branch? List two specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution.

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 9.**Multiple Choice:** The Supreme Court's power to declare a law unconstitutional is known as:
    1. A. Judicial review
    2. B. Executive order
    3. C. Legislative oversight
    4. D. Federalism

Three Branches of Government — 練習ワークシート（続き）

  1. 10.**Essay / Long Response:** Describe the process by which a bill becomes a law. Include the roles of both the Legislative and Executive branches in your explanation. Write at least four complete sentences.

解答集

  1. 1.
    最終回答： The three branches are the Legislative Branch (Congress), the Executive Branch (President), and the Judicial Branch (courts). They are established in Articles I, II, and III of the Constitution, respectively.
  2. 2.
    最終回答： b) Legislative Branch. The Constitution grants Congress the sole power to declare war (Article I, Section 8).
  3. 3.
    最終回答： The two houses are the Senate and the House of Representatives. They belong to the Legislative Branch.
  4. 4.
    最終回答： c) Executive Branch. The President is the head of the Executive Branch.
  5. 5.
    最終回答： The main function of the Judicial Branch is to interpret laws and ensure they are constitutional. The highest court is the Supreme Court of the United States.

解答集（続き）

  1. 6.
    最終回答： Checks and balances is a system that prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful. For example, the President can veto legislation passed by Congress, but Congress can override that veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both houses. This ensures cooperation and limits power.
  2. 7.
    最終回答： c) The President. The President has the power to veto bills passed by Congress.
  3. 8.
    最終回答： The primary role of the Legislative Branch is to make laws. Two specific powers include the power to tax and the power to declare war.
  4. 9.
    最終回答： a) Judicial review. This power was established in the landmark case Marbury v. Madison (1803).

解答集（続き）

  1. 10.
    最終回答： A bill is introduced in either the House or Senate, where it is debated and voted on. If passed by both chambers, it goes to the President. The President can sign it into law or veto it. If vetoed, Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds vote in each house. This process involves both the Legislative Branch (making the law) and the Executive Branch (approving or rejecting it).
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避けるべきよくある間違い

  • Thinking the President makes laws
  • Confusing House and Senate roles
  • Believing Supreme Court can enforce its decisions alone
  • Mixing up federal and state government roles

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